The names the people we call Sioux have for themselves are the Lakota, Nakota or Dakota, meaning "friends . . . allies . . . to be friendly." At an earlier time, the Sioux evolved into three main groups speaking different dialects of the same language. The Dakota were the largest group and are considered to be the mother group. The Nakota were next in size, followed by the Lakota. Winter count records indicate that there was strife within the Sioux tribal family which may have been associated with a rise in power of the Lakota.
The Dakota, who were also called the Santee Sioux, occupied a region east of the Mississippi in what is currently Minnesota. They were divided into four bands: the Mdewakantonwon, who are now in Minnesota, Flandreau, SD, and the Santee Reservation in Nebraska; the Wahpeton, who are now at the Devil's Lake Reservation, ND, Flandreau, SD, and Sisseton, SD; the Wahpekute, who are now at the Santee Reservation in Nebraska and Fort Peck, MT; and the Sisseton who are at Devil's Lake in ND and Sisseton, SD. Sisseton Wahpeton Community College has a History & Culture page on their site.
The Nakota, also known as the Yanktonai or Yankton Sioux, split from the Dakota and moved to the prairies in the region that is now southeast South Dakota. They were divided into three bands: Yankton who are now on the Yankton Reservation in SD; the Upper Yanktonai who are split between the Standing Rock Reservation in SD and the Devil's Lake Reservation in ND; Lower Yanktonai who are split between the Crow Creek Reservation in SD and the Fort Peck Reservation in MT.
The Lakota, sometimes known as the Teton Sioux, moved to a region west of the Missouri River. The Lakota became the largest of these groups, developing what is known as the Plains Indian Culture after receiving the horse in the seventeenth century. They are divided into seven bands: the Oglala now on the Pine Ridge Reservation in SD, Sicangu or Brulé who are now on the Rosebud and the Lower Brulé Reservation in SD, Hunkpapa who are now at the Standing Rock Reservation SD & ND, Miniconjous now at the Cheyenne River Reservation, SD, Sihasapa or Blackfoot now at Standing Rock or Cheyenne River, Itazipacola or Sans Arc now at Cheyenne River, and Oohenupa or Two Kettle also at Cheyenne River (later declared to be tribes by the U.S. government).
Of course there are tribal members who live off the reservation as well.
On the Rez, Ian Frazier, Farrar, Strauss & Giroux
Killing Custer, James Welch, Norton. (Video)
Cheyenne Memories of the Custer Fight, Richard G. Hardorff, Univ. Nebraska Press.
Lakota Recollections of the Custer Fight: New Sources of Indian-Military History, Richard G. Hardorff, Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Crazy Horse: Strange Man of the Oglalas, Mari Sandoz, Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Dee Brown, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890, Robert Utley, Univ. New Mexico Press.
Lakota Woman, Mary Crow Dog with Richard Erdoes, Harper Perennial. (Video)
Waterlily, Ella Cara Deloria, Univ. Nebraska Press.
Ella Deloria's The Buffalo People, Julian Rice, Univ. New Mexico Press.
Ella Deloria's IronHawk, Julian Rice, Univ. New Mexico Press.
Custer Died for Your Sins, Vine Deloria, Jr., Univ. Oklahoma Press.
God is Red, Vine Deloria, Jr., Fulcrum Press. (Hardcover)
Skins, Adrian Louis, Crown.
Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux, John G. Neihardt, Univ. Nebraska Press. (Hardcover)
Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions, John (Fire) Lame Deer with Richard Erdoes, Washington Square Press, New York.
Indian
Boyhood, Charles Alexander Eastman, (Ohiyesa), Univ. Nebraska Press.
Available online as a single large file or the Table of Contents
of a segmented version.
Soul of an
Indian, Charles Alexander Eastman, (Ohiyesa), Univ. Nebraska Press.
Available online as a single large file or the TOC
of a segmented version
Old Indian
Days, Charles Alexander Eastman, (Ohiyesa), Univ. Nebraska Press
Available online as a single large file or the
TOC of a segmented version
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